Passive and active Voice
في الوضع العادي تتكون الجملة من فعل وفاعل ومفعول به وتكملة (المبني للمعلوم: الفاعل معلوم), في حين أن الجملة المبنية للمجهول تتكون من فعل ومفعول به وتكملة فقط (الفاعل مجهول غير موجود أو تم تأخيره)… تستخدم هذه الطريقة عندما يكون الفاعل غير مهم في معطيات الجملة مثل: الكاكاو يُزرع بكثرة في افريقيا لا يهمنا من يزرع الكاكاو بقدر الكاكو نفسه… أو لسبب الإخفاء المتعمد للفاعل مثال: تُوفي المريض بعد إجراء العملية.. وقد يكون لصنع تشويق درامي بإخفاء الفاعل عن القارئ أو المشاهد في الروايت والقصص والأفلام التي نشاهدها يوميًا
(Active المبني للمعلوم) S + V + O + C
- Many people speak English language around the world. الكثير من الناس يتحدثون اللغة الانجليزية حول العالم
(Passive المبني للمجهول) V + O + C
- English Language is spoken around the world. اللغة الانجليزية لغة محكية حول العالم
أمثلة Examples
لقد تم إخباري I’ve been informed
دراجتي سُرقت My bike was stolen.
لقد تم اقتراف خطأ ما A mistake was made.
تشارلي شوبلن محبوبًا من الملايين Charlie Chaplin was loved by millions.
تحويل المبني للمعلوم إلى المبني للمجهول
يمكننا تغيير بناء الجملة من مبني للمعلوم وتحويله إلى مبني للمجهول للأسباب التي ذكرناها سابقًا.. ويختلف تحويل الجمل حسب الزمن الذي حصلت فيه الأحداث.
خطوات تحويل إلى المبني للمجهول
- نضع المفعول به في بداية الجملة
- نحول الفعل إلى التصريف الثالث للفعل
- نضيف تكملة الجملة مثل وجدت
Simple Present زمن المضارع البسيط
am / is / are + past participle
(Active) My mom (S) cleans (V) the house (O) everyday ( C).
(Passive) The house (O) is cleaned (V) everyday (C).
(Active) She (S) reads (V) great books (O).
(Passive) Great books (O) are read (V).
Present Continuous زمن المضارع المستمر
am / is / are + being + past participle
(Active) They (S) are playing (V) football (O).
(Passive) Football (O) is being played (V).
(Active) She (S) is reading (V) the book (O) right now (C).
(Passive) The book (O) is being read (V) right now (C).
(Active) They (S) are playing (V) football (O).
(Passive) Football (O) is being played (V).
(Active) She (S) is reading (V) the book (O) right now (C).
(Passive) The book (O) is being read (V) right now (C).
Present Perfect زمن المضارع التام
has / have + been + past participle
(Active) She (S) has written (V) stories (O) using her 6 years old imagination (C).
(Passive) Stories (O) have been written (V)… (C)
(Active) She (S) has cooked (V) alot of food (O).
(Passive) A lot of food (O) has been cooked (V) by her. تأجيل الفاعل
Simple Past زمن الماضي البسيط
was / were + past participle
(Active) I (S) watched (V) a film (O) yesterday (C).
(Passive) A film (O) was watched (V) yesterday (C).
(Active) They (S) changed (V) the date of the meeting (O).
(Passive) The date of the meeting (O) was changed (V).
Past Continuous زمن الماضي المستمر
was / were + being + past participle
(Active) They (S) were watching (V) a film(O).
(Passive) A film (O) was being watched (V).
(Active) She (S) was writing (V) a novel(O).
(Passive) A novel (O) was being writen (V) by her
Past Perfect زمن الماضي التام
had + been + past participle
(Active) Someone (S) had stolen (V) my keys (O).
(Passive) My keys (O) had been stolen (V).
(Active) He (S) hadn’t paid (V) the bills (O).
(Passive) The bills (O) hadn’t been paid (V) by him.
Future زمن المستقبل
will + be + past participle
(Active) He (S) will sign (V) the contract (O) tomorrow (C)
(Passive) The contract (O) will be signed (V) tomorrow (C) by him. (Active) Mona (S) will invite (V) Sally (O) to the party (C).
(Passive) The contract (O) will be signed (V) tomorrow (C) by him. (Active) Mona (S) will invite (V) Sally (O) to the party (C).
(Passive) Sally (O) will be invited (V) to the party (C) by Mona.
(Active) He (S) will solve (V) the problem ( O) tomorrow (C).
(Passive) The problem (O) will be solved (V) tomorrow (C).
must / can / should / have to + be + past participle
(Active) Police (S) must stop (V) thecriminals (O) before they commit crimes (C).
(Passive) The crimes (O) must be stopped (V).
(Active) They (S) have to find (V) the keys (O).
(Passive) The keys (O) have to be found (V).
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